{
 "publisher": "VaultRubric",
 "url": "https://vaultrubric.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-11",
 "license": "Free to use, quote and cite with attribution: 'Source: VaultRubric (vaultrubric.com)' and a link to the relevant vaultrubric.com page. Facts carry their original source URL and as-of date; scores are VaultRubric's methodology (https://vaultrubric.com/methodology). Not investment advice.",
 "methodology": "https://vaultrubric.com/methodology",
 "attribution": "Source: VaultRubric (vaultrubric.com)",
 "category": "Software wallet",
 "slug": "software-wallets",
 "criteria": {
  "price": "Price",
  "security": "Security",
  "coins": "Supported coins",
  "ease_of_use": "Ease of use",
  "support": "Support",
  "backup": "Backup/recovery"
 },
 "scoring": "Equal weights across the whole category; scores are relative to the products in this file (head-to-head pages compare only the listed products, so numbers differ).",
 "category_pick": null,
 "too_close_to_call": [
  "Zengo",
  "Edge"
 ],
 "products": [
  {
   "name": "Zengo",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 78.0,
   "data_coverage_pct": 100,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [
    {
     "date": "2023-08",
     "type": "software vulnerability"
    }
   ],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free app (paid Pro tier exists)) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/zengo-crypto-bitcoin-wallet/id1440147115"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 5.8,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +0.5 partially open-source, −0.25 software vulnerability (2023-08)",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2023/08/09/fireblocks-discloses-zero-day-vulnerabilities-impacting-leading-mpc-wallets",
      "https://www.fireblocks.com/blog/lindell17-abort-vulnerability-technical-report",
      "https://zengo.com/security-in-depth/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "1,000 assets (380+ tokens (Google Play listing)); log-scaled vs max 1,000",
     "sources": [
      "https://zengo.com/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 8.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Multiple independent sources praise simple UI and ease for beginners and experts.",
     "sources": [
      "https://nz.trustpilot.com/review/zengo.com"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Positive feedback on 24/7 live chat and quick responses, but some complaints of unhelpful or abrupt support.",
     "sources": [
      "https://nz.trustpilot.com/review/zengo.com"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. MPC eliminates seed phrase but users report migration failures and lost wallets after following support advice.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/zengo.com"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×5.8 + 0.167×10.0 + 0.167×8.0 + 0.167×7.0 + 0.167×6.0 = 7.80 → 78.0%",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [
     {
      "date": "2023-08",
      "type": "software_vulnerability",
      "summary": "BitForge (CVE-2023-33242) MPC implementation flaws disclosed by Fireblocks affected Zengo; fixed before disclosure; no exploitation reported",
      "sources": [
       {
        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2023/08/09/fireblocks-discloses-zero-day-vulnerabilities-impacting-leading-mpc-wallets",
        "type": "third_party",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       },
       {
        "url": "https://www.fireblocks.com/blog/lindell17-abort-vulnerability-technical-report",
        "type": "third_party",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       }
      ],
      "remote": true,
      "access": "remote (malicious host/software/network)"
     }
    ],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free app (paid Pro tier exists)",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/zengo-crypto-bitcoin-wallet/id1440147115",
       "type": "official_app_store_listing",
       "as_of": "2026-10-11",
       "says": "Apple App Store (US) lists 'Zengo: Crypto & Bitcoin Wallet' as Free"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": "Israel (Tel Aviv)",
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Edge",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 76.7,
   "data_coverage_pct": 83,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free app) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/edge-crypto-bitcoin-wallet/id1344400091"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.5,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +1 fully open-source firmware",
     "sources": [
      "https://github.com/EdgeApp/edge-react-gui"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 3.5,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 9.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Multiple user and review sources highlight intuitive, beginner-friendly mobile interface.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.finder.com/cryptocurrency/wallets/best-ripple-wallets"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 9.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Consistent praise across user reviews for responsive and helpful customer service.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/edge.app"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 8.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Recovery via username/password and questions praised, though some note local encryption with server storage.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/1upjjb8/what_do_you_think_about_edge_wallet"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×6.5 + 0.167×3.5* + 0.167×9.0 + 0.167×9.0 + 0.167×8.0 = 7.67 → 76.7% (* unknown, imputed)",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free app",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/edge-crypto-bitcoin-wallet/id1344400091",
       "type": "official_app_store_listing",
       "as_of": "2026-10-11",
       "says": "Apple App Store (US) lists 'Edge - Crypto & Bitcoin Wallet' as Free"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": "United States (San Diego)",
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Exodus",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 65.0,
   "data_coverage_pct": 83,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free to download; swap spread built into quote; network fees) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://cryptoslate.com/crypto-wallets/exodus-wallet-review/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 5.5,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element)",
     "sources": [
      "https://cryptoslate.com/crypto-wallets/exodus-wallet-review/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 3.5,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 9.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Users and reviews consistently praise intuitive UI and simplicity for beginners",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reddit.com/r/ExodusWallet/comments/1hkki8i/exodus_vs_trust_wallet"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 4.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Mixed feedback with complaints about generic responses, slow service and poor resolution",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/exoduswallet.io"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. 12-word recovery phrase and encrypted backup options are mentioned positively",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/exoduswallet.io"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×5.5 + 0.167×3.5* + 0.167×9.0 + 0.167×4.0 + 0.167×7.0 = 6.50 → 65.0% (* unknown, imputed)",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free to download; swap spread built into quote; network fees",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://cryptoslate.com/crypto-wallets/exodus-wallet-review/",
       "type": "third_party",
       "as_of": "2026-10-10"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Rabby",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 65.0,
   "data_coverage_pct": 83,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free app) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/rabby-wallet-crypto-evm/id6474381673"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.5,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +1 fully open-source firmware",
     "sources": [
      "https://cryptostate.wiki/en/articles/best-crypto-wallets-comparison"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 3.5,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Positive UX feedback but some onboarding and mandatory steps criticized",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/15kmera/rabby_wallet_ux_analysis"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 3.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Multiple complaints about abrupt PulseChain support drop and lack of communication",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/rabby.io?page=8"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 9.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/15kmera/rabby_wallet_ux_analysis",
      "https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/rabby-wallet-review"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×6.5 + 0.167×3.5* + 0.167×7.0 + 0.167×3.0 + 0.167×9.0 = 6.50 → 65.0% (* unknown, imputed)",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free app",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/rabby-wallet-crypto-evm/id6474381673",
       "type": "official_app_store_listing",
       "as_of": "2026-10-11",
       "says": "Apple App Store (US) lists 'Rabby Wallet - Crypto & EVM' as Free"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "MetaMask",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 63.8,
   "data_coverage_pct": 100,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free; swaps carry a 0.875% MetaMask fee + gas) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://support.metamask.io/trade/swap/user-guide-swaps/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +0.5 partially open-source",
     "sources": [
      "https://github.com/MetaMask/metamask-extension/blob/main/LICENSE"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 4.3,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "19 assets (Lower bound: 19 networks pre-listed in MetaMask's network selector (Ethereum, Bitcoin, Solana, Tron, Linea, Base, Polygon, BNB Chain, Arbitrum, OP, Avalanche, zkSync Era and more) plus any custom EVM network; total token count not published); log-scaled vs max 1,000",
     "sources": [
      "https://support.metamask.io/configure/networks/how-to-add-a-custom-network-rpc/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 8.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Simplified setup and dApp connectivity praised in reviews",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.finder.com/cryptocurrency/wallets/metamask-review"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 3.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Users report difficulty contacting support and unhelpful responses",
     "sources": [
      "https://ca.trustpilot.com/review/www.metamask.io?page=6"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "12-word seed phrase required for recovery but must be stored securely offline",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/metamask-crypto-wallet-review"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×6.0 + 0.167×4.3 + 0.167×8.0 + 0.167×3.0 + 0.167×7.0 = 6.38 → 63.8%",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free; swaps carry a 0.875% MetaMask fee + gas",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://support.metamask.io/trade/swap/user-guide-swaps/",
       "type": "official",
       "as_of": "2026-10-10"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Coinbase Wallet",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 63.8,
   "data_coverage_pct": 83,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [
    {
     "date": "2023-03",
     "type": "software vulnerability"
    }
   ],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free app) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coinbase-wallet-trade-to-win/id1278383455"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 5.8,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +0.5 partially open-source, −0.25 software vulnerability (2023-03)",
     "sources": [
      "https://zengo.com/zengo-uncovers-security-vulnerabilities-in-popular-web3-transaction-simulation-solutions-the-red-pill-attack/",
      "https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/news/365533432/ZenGo-finds-transaction-simulation-flaw-in-Coinbase-others",
      "https://cryptostate.wiki/en/articles/best-crypto-wallets-comparison"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 3.5,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 9.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Simplified UI praised for beginners, easy navigation and learning modules.",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/coinbase-crypto-wallet-review"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 3.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer service is unreliable and hard to reach a human.",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/bg/app/1278383455?see-all=reviews&platform=iphone"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Cloud backup of recovery phrase available via iCloud.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reddit.com/r/Coinbase/comments/1e5n11b/icloud_recovery_phrase_backup"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×5.8 + 0.167×3.5* + 0.167×9.0 + 0.167×3.0 + 0.167×7.0 = 6.38 → 63.8% (* unknown, imputed)",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [
     {
      "date": "2023-03",
      "type": "software_vulnerability",
      "summary": "Zengo 'red pill' research: transaction-simulation bypass affected Coinbase Wallet among others; fixed; no user funds reported stolen",
      "sources": [
       {
        "url": "https://zengo.com/zengo-uncovers-security-vulnerabilities-in-popular-web3-transaction-simulation-solutions-the-red-pill-attack/",
        "type": "third_party",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       },
       {
        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/news/365533432/ZenGo-finds-transaction-simulation-flaw-in-Coinbase-others",
        "type": "third_party",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       }
      ],
      "remote": true,
      "access": "remote (malicious host/software/network)"
     }
    ],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free app",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/coinbase-wallet-trade-to-win/id1278383455",
       "type": "official_app_store_listing",
       "as_of": "2026-10-11",
       "says": "Apple App Store (US) lists 'Coinbase Wallet: Trade to Win' as Free"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Atomic Wallet",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 60.0,
   "data_coverage_pct": 83,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": false,
   "customer_funds_hack": {
    "date": "2023-06",
    "summary": "Over $100M stolen from 5,500+ user wallets; attributed to North Korea's Lazarus Group",
    "months_ago": 40,
    "reimbursed": null
   },
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 5.0,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 2.5,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), −3 customer funds loss (2023-06)",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reuters.com/world/north-korean-hackers-stole-100-million-recent-cryptocurrency-heist-analysts-2023-06-13/",
      "https://cryptostate.wiki/en/articles/best-crypto-wallets-comparison"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 9.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "500 assets (500+ assets); log-scaled vs max 1,000",
     "sources": [
      "https://cryptostate.wiki/en/articles/best-crypto-wallets-comparison"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 8.9,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. ",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/atomic-wallet-crypto-wallets-review",
      "https://www.finder.com/cryptocurrency/wallets/atomic-wallet-review",
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/atomicwallet.io?page=9"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Mixed user feedback on Trustpilot with both positive responses and complaints of poor resolution.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/atomicwallet.io?page=5"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Emphasized as non-custodial with 12-word phrase giving full user control, but warnings about sharing.",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/atomic-wallet-crypto-wallets-review"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×5.0* + 0.167×2.5 + 0.167×9.0 + 0.167×8.9 + 0.167×6.0 + 0.167×7.0 = 6.40 → 64.0% (* unknown, imputed); capped at 60% (customer funds hacked 2023-06)",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [
     {
      "date": "2023-06",
      "type": "customer_funds_loss",
      "summary": "Over $100M stolen from 5,500+ user wallets; attributed to North Korea's Lazarus Group",
      "sources": [
       {
        "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/north-korean-hackers-stole-100-million-recent-cryptocurrency-heist-analysts-2023-06-13/",
        "type": "third_party"
       }
      ]
     }
    ],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": null,
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": "Estonia (company says)",
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "BlueWallet",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 59.2,
   "data_coverage_pct": 100,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free app) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/bluewallet-bitcoin-wallet/id1376878040",
      "https://bluewallet.io/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.5,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +1 fully open-source firmware",
     "sources": [
      "https://github.com/BlueWallet/BlueWallet"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 1.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "1 assets (Bitcoin + Lightning); log-scaled vs max 1,000",
     "sources": [
      "https://github.com/BlueWallet/BlueWallet"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 8.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Intuitive mobile interface praised for simplicity and beginner-friendliness",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/bluewallet-crypto-wallet-review?amp=true"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 3.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Multiple user complaints about poor or unresponsive customer service",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/bluewallet-bitcoin-wallet/id1376878040"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Supports seed phrases and watch-only wallets but some users note recovery limitations",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reddit.com/r/BitcoinBeginners/comments/1lnq6in/bluewallet_ou_nunchuk"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×6.5 + 0.167×1.0 + 0.167×8.0 + 0.167×3.0 + 0.167×7.0 = 5.92 → 59.2%",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free app",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/bluewallet-bitcoin-wallet/id1376878040",
       "type": "official_app_store_listing",
       "as_of": "2026-10-11",
       "says": "Apple App Store (US) lists BlueWallet as Free"
      },
      {
       "url": "https://bluewallet.io/",
       "type": "official",
       "as_of": "2026-10-11",
       "says": "BlueWallet is a free, open source bitcoin wallet"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Rainbow",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 58.3,
   "data_coverage_pct": 83,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free app) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/rainbow-ethereum-wallet/id1457119021"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.5,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +1 fully open-source firmware",
     "sources": [
      "https://github.com/rainbow-me/rainbow"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 3.5,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 8.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Users and reviews praise intuitive, sleek, beginner-friendly design for crypto and NFTs.",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/rainbow-ethereum-wallet/id1457119021"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 4.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "No live customer support noted; mixed user feedback on response to issues.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/rainbow-wallet-review"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 3.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "User report of backup not working properly leading to access issues.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/1gp8ij9/avoid_rainbow_wallet"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×6.5 + 0.167×3.5* + 0.167×8.0 + 0.167×4.0 + 0.167×3.0 = 5.83 → 58.3% (* unknown, imputed)",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free app",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/rainbow-ethereum-wallet/id1457119021",
       "type": "official_app_store_listing",
       "as_of": "2026-10-11",
       "says": "Apple App Store (US) lists 'Rainbow - Ethereum Wallet' as Free"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Electrum",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 54.7,
   "data_coverage_pct": 100,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [
    {
     "date": "2023-09",
     "type": "software vulnerability"
    },
    {
     "date": "2026-04",
     "type": "software vulnerability"
    }
   ],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Provided at no cost) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://electrum.org/?lang=en"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 5.8,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +1 fully open-source firmware, −0.25 software vulnerability (2023-09), −0.5 software vulnerability (2026-04)",
     "sources": [
      "https://github.com/spesmilo/electrum/security/advisories/GHSA-9gpc-prj9-89x7",
      "https://github.com/spesmilo/electrum/security/advisories/GHSA-8r85-vp7r-hjxf",
      "https://electrum.org/?lang=en"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 1.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "1 assets (Bitcoin only); log-scaled vs max 1,000",
     "sources": [
      "https://electrum.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Easy setup but sharp learning curve and not ideal for beginners",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/electrum-crypto-wallet-review"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 3.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "No direct support, relies on community forums",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/electrum-crypto-wallet-review"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Uses seed phrases for recovery with forced verification",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.techradar.com/reviews/electrum-cryptocurrency-wallet"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×5.8 + 0.167×1.0 + 0.167×6.0 + 0.167×3.0 + 0.167×7.0 = 5.47 → 54.7%",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [
     {
      "date": "2023-09",
      "type": "software_vulnerability",
      "summary": "Electrum security advisories: Lightning payment_preimage validation skipped on Android and partial MPP acceptance; fixed in 4.4.x",
      "sources": [
       {
        "url": "https://github.com/spesmilo/electrum/security/advisories/GHSA-9gpc-prj9-89x7",
        "type": "official",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       },
       {
        "url": "https://github.com/spesmilo/electrum/security/advisories/GHSA-8r85-vp7r-hjxf",
        "type": "official",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       }
      ],
      "remote": true,
      "access": "remote (malicious host/software/network)"
     },
     {
      "date": "2026-04",
      "type": "software_vulnerability",
      "summary": "Electrum security advisories: external-plugin authorization bypass (local code execution) and Nostr Wallet Connect spending-limit bypass; fixed in 4.7.2",
      "sources": [
       {
        "url": "https://github.com/spesmilo/electrum/security/advisories/GHSA-vw94-r84p-66qf",
        "type": "official",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       },
       {
        "url": "https://github.com/spesmilo/electrum/security/advisories/GHSA-q7m2-785w-r585",
        "type": "official",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       }
      ],
      "remote": true,
      "access": "remote (malicious host/software/network)"
     }
    ],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "models": null,
     "notes": "Provided at no cost",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://electrum.org/?lang=en",
       "type": "official",
       "as_of": "2026-10-10"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": "Berlin, Germany",
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Sparrow",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 53.3,
   "data_coverage_pct": 67,
   "limited_data": true,
   "eligible_for_pick": false,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 5.0,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.5,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +1 fully open-source firmware",
     "sources": [
      "https://github.com/sparrowwallet/sparrow"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 1.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "1 assets (Bitcoin only); log-scaled vs max 1,000",
     "sources": [
      "https://sparrowwallet.com/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 5.0,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.5,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/best-crypto-wallets?apxa1=homepage"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Multisig requires wallet file backup with descriptors beyond just seeds for full recovery",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.reddit.com/r/BitcoinBeginners/comments/14i96t5/sparrow_multisig_wallet_backup"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×5.0* + 0.167×6.5 + 0.167×1.0 + 0.167×5.0* + 0.167×7.5 + 0.167×7.0 = 5.33 → 53.3% (* unknown, imputed)",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": null,
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Phantom",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 52.7,
   "data_coverage_pct": 100,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": true,
   "customer_funds_hack": null,
   "incident_notes": [],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 10,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "from $0 (models: Free app) vs cheapest $0",
     "sources": [
      "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/phantom-trading-wallet/id1598432977"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), +0.5 partially open-source",
     "sources": [
      "https://cryptostate.wiki/en/articles/best-crypto-wallets-comparison"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 2.6,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "5 assets (Lower bound: chains named on phantom.com (Solana, Ethereum, Bitcoin, Robinhood, HyperEVM 'and more'); total token count not published); log-scaled vs max 1,000",
     "sources": [
      "https://phantom.com/"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Mixed user feedback: praised for simplicity by some but criticized for recovery issues and bugs by others.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/phantom.app"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 3.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Users repeatedly report unhelpful support that fails to resolve issues like lost funds or bugs.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/phantom.app"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 4.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Email recovery feature is flagged as unreliable, leading to lost accounts and funds on device switch.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/phantom.app"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×10 + 0.167×6.0 + 0.167×2.6 + 0.167×6.0 + 0.167×3.0 + 0.167×4.0 = 5.27 → 52.7%",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": {
     "value": 0,
     "notes": "Free app",
     "sources": [
      {
       "url": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/phantom-trading-wallet/id1598432977",
       "type": "official_app_store_listing",
       "as_of": "2026-10-11",
       "says": "Apple App Store (US) lists 'Phantom: Trading Wallet' as Free"
      }
     ]
    },
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  },
  {
   "name": "Trust Wallet",
   "category": "Software wallet",
   "vaultrubric_score_pct": 42.3,
   "data_coverage_pct": 83,
   "limited_data": false,
   "eligible_for_pick": false,
   "customer_funds_hack": {
    "date": "2025-12",
    "summary": "Malicious browser-extension v2.68 published via leaked Chrome Web Store key; ~$8.5M drained from 2,520 addresses",
    "months_ago": 10,
    "reimbursed": null
   },
   "incident_notes": [
    {
     "date": "2023-04",
     "type": "hacked, customers reimbursed"
    }
   ],
   "criteria": [
    {
     "key": "price",
     "label": "Price",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": null,
     "imputed_score": 5.0,
     "basis": "not found",
     "sources": []
    },
    {
     "key": "security",
     "label": "Security",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "base 7, −1.5 hot wallet (no secure element), −3 customer funds loss (2025-12), −3 customer funds loss (2023-04), −3 customer funds loss (2023-07)",
     "sources": [
      "https://trustwallet.com/blog/company/trust-wallet-browser-extension-v268-incident-community-update",
      "https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/trust-wallet-chrome-extension-hack.html"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "coins",
     "label": "Supported coins",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 5.4,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "40 assets (40+ networks); log-scaled vs max 1,000",
     "sources": [
      "https://cryptostate.wiki/en/articles/best-crypto-wallets-comparison"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "ease_of_use",
     "label": "Ease of use",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 7.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Users praise simple UI and easy management, though some face later difficulties and high fees.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/trustwallet.io"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "support",
     "label": "Support",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 2.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Customer reviews (Trustpilot), may skew positive. Multiple reviews report unhelpful, non-existent or unresponsive customer support for scams and issues.",
     "sources": [
      "https://www.trustpilot.com/review/trustwallet.io"
     ]
    },
    {
     "key": "backup",
     "label": "Backup/recovery",
     "weight": 0.1667,
     "score_out_of_10": 6.0,
     "imputed_score": null,
     "basis": "Wallet relies on user-managed recovery phrase for security and retrieval, with warnings to keep it safe.",
     "sources": [
      "https://money.com/trust-wallet-crypto-wallet-review"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "score_math": "0.167×5.0* + 0.167×0 + 0.167×5.4 + 0.167×7.0 + 0.167×2.0 + 0.167×6.0 = 4.23 → 42.3% (* unknown, imputed)",
   "facts": {
    "incidents": [
     {
      "date": "2025-12",
      "type": "customer_funds_loss",
      "summary": "Malicious browser-extension v2.68 published via leaked Chrome Web Store key; ~$8.5M drained from 2,520 addresses",
      "sources": [
       {
        "url": "https://trustwallet.com/blog/company/trust-wallet-browser-extension-v268-incident-community-update",
        "type": "official"
       },
       {
        "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/trust-wallet-chrome-extension-hack.html",
        "type": "third_party"
       }
      ]
     },
     {
      "date": "2023-04",
      "type": "customer_funds_loss",
      "customers_reimbursed": true,
      "summary": "CVE-2023-31290: Trust Wallet browser extension generated keys with only 32 bits of entropy; exploited Dec 2022 and Mar 2023 (~$170K); Trust Wallet reimbursed affected users",
      "sources": [
       {
        "url": "https://www.ledger.com/blog/funds-of-every-wallet-created-with-the-trust-wallet-browser-extension-could-have-been-stolen",
        "type": "third_party",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       },
       {
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31290",
        "type": "official",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       }
      ]
     },
     {
      "date": "2023-07",
      "type": "customer_funds_loss",
      "customers_reimbursed": null,
      "summary": "CVE-2024-23660: Trust Wallet iOS used time-seeded randomness for wallet generation; exploited 2023-07-12; Trust Wallet says affected users were notified and migrated; researchers report multiple victims; reimbursement not documented",
      "sources": [
       {
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23660",
        "type": "official",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       },
       {
        "url": "https://milksad.info/posts/research-update-5/",
        "type": "third_party",
        "as_of": "2026-10-11"
       }
      ]
     }
    ],
    "fees_notes": null,
    "price": null,
    "regulation": null,
    "insurance": null,
    "hq": null,
    "us": null,
    "us_note": null,
    "regions": null
   }
  }
 ]
}